On fully buffered streams, data is read/written when the buffer is filled, on line buffered streams this happens when a new-line character is encountered, and on unbuffered streams characters are intended to be read/written as soon as possible.

Streams can be either fully buffered, line buffered or unbuffered.

Buffer A buffer is a block of memory where data is accumulated before being physically read or written to the associated file or device. A binary stream, on the other hand, is a sequence of characters written or read from the physical media with no translation, having a one-to-one correspondence with the characters read or written to the stream. Depending on the environment where the application is run, some character translation may occur with text streams to adapt some special characters to the text file specifications of the environment.

Text / Binary Text streams are thought to represent a set of text lines, each one ending with a new-line character. Read/Write Access Specifies whether the stream has read or write access (or both) to the physical media they are associated with. Most of these properties are defined at the moment the stream is associated with a file (opened) using the fopen function: Streams have some properties that define which functions can be used on them and how these will treat the data input or output through them. There also exist three standard streams: stdin, stdout and stderr, which are automatically created and opened for all programs using the library. A pointer to a FILE object uniquely identifies a stream, and is used as a parameter in the operations involving that stream. Streams are handled in the cstdio library as pointers to FILE objects. Streams are an abstraction to interact with these in an uniform way All streams have similar properties independently of the individual characteristics of the physical media they are associated with. This library uses what are called streams to operate with physical devices such as keyboards, printers, terminals or with any other type of files supported by the system. Input and Output operations can also be performed in C++ using the C Standar d Input and Output Library ( cstdio, known as stdio.h in the C language). C library to perform Input/Output operations

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